Lionel Messi scores 700th career club goal

 

28 February 2023
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Lionel Messi scores 700th career club goal

Lionel Messi scores 700th career club goal

The all-time great Lionel Messi has scored his 700th career club goal in Paris St. Germain's 3-0 win over Marseille. With the goal, Messi became just the second player in history to score 700 career club goals, according to IFFHS (International Federation of Football History and Statistics). The other player to do so is Messi's longtime rival Cristiano Ronaldo. Meanwhile Messi’s rival Ronaldo has scored 709 goals in club level across competitions, including his hat-trick for Al-Nassr in the Saudi Pro League match against Damac.

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Messi began his senior club career with FC Barcelona in 2004, playing the first 17 years of his club career with the squad. He scored a whopping 672 goals during his time with Barcelona, averaging roughly 40 goals per season over that stretch. Following the 2020-21 season, Messi joined PSG. The 35-year-old hasn't scored as frequently with the French club, scoring 28 goals in 62 caps. But he's also shared the field with Mbappé and Neymar for much of his time with PSG. Messi wasn't the only PSG member to reach a milestone mark in Sunday's win. Mbappé scored the other two goals in the match, giving him 200 goals with PSG.

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Youth 20 India Summit Hosted by Maharaja Sayajirao University, Gujarat

 

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Youth 20 India Summit Hosted by Maharaja Sayajirao University, Gujarat

The Youth 20 India Summit will be held at the Maharaja Sayajirao University Vadodara in Gujarat which was attended by more than 600 delegates from 62 countries. The international conference of The Youth 20 India Summit was inaugurated by Bhupendra Patel, Chief Minister of Gujarat.

The Youth 20 India Summit is organized by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India to mark the celebration of India’s G20 Presidency, the focus would be on ‘Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction: Making sustainability a Way of Life’.

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Youth 20 India Summit Hosted by Maharaja Sayajirao University, Gujarat- Key Points

• In the Youth 20 India Summit conference, there were 167 delegates from G20 nations, 8 international scholars, 12 national scholars, 25 international delegates, 25 national delegates, 25 representatives of Youth Ministry, 50 start-ups working on the environment, 15 Shodh scholars, 10 NSS members and 250 students of different Universities studying subjects on urban planning, climate change, and environment studies participated.
• Different plenary sessions were organized at this international conference. The first plenary session was on ‘Role of Youth and Opportunities in the field of Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction’ in which Dr.Tuomo Kauranne, President of Arbonaut OY Ltd., Finland; Ana Loboguerrero, Director, Alliance BI, and ITA, Columbia, and several dignitaries were present.
• The second plenary session was on ‘Research, Innovation, and Start-up related to Climate Change’ in which Bruce Campbell, Director, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, Rome, and many more.
• The third plenary session was on ‘Experience Sharing, Best Practices related to Climate Change and Disaster-Risk Reduction’ in which Mr. Amgad Elmahdi, International Water and Natural Resources Management Specialist; Arun Govind, Consultant Red Deer, Canada Chairman, and many more.
• In the fourth plenary session, was a panel discussion on ‘Making Sustainability A way of Life’ in which Mr. Philippe Ciais, LSCE, The Climate Change Research Unit, IPSL, Paris; Prof. Charlotte Clarke, Executive Dean, Faculty of Social Science & Health, Durham University; Ms. Aarya Chavda, Young Environment Crusader; Hardeep Desai, Head of Farm Operations at Cotton Connect South Asia Pvt. Ltd and many more participated.

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Retired DG of BSF Pankaj Kumar Singh appointed Deputy NSA

 

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Retired DG of BSF Pankaj Kumar Singh appointed Deputy NSA

Deputy National Security Adviser

Retired director general of the Border Security Force (BSF), Pankaj Kumar Singh was appointed as the Deputy National Security Adviser in National Security Council Secretariat for a period of two years. Singh, a 1988-batch IPS officer of the Rajasthan cadre, has been appointed on a re-employment contract. Singh had retired as the BSF chief on December 31, 2022. When Singh took charge of the BSF on August 31, 2021, he had created history of a son and a father holding the top post of a paramilitary force during their services. His father and retired IPS officer of the 1959-batch, Prakash Singh, had also headed the BSF from June, 1993 to January, 1994. Singh holds LLB and MPhil degrees, besides MBA from the IIM, Ahmedabad.

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Currently, retired IPS officer Dattatray Padsalgikar, former R&AW chief Rajinder Khanna and retired IFS officer Pankaj Saran also served as Deputy National Security Advisors.

Earlier Posting

• Singh had earlier served with the Union government as Inspector General of the CRPF in Chhattisgarh and IG (Operations) at CRPF headquarters in Delhi.
• Before becoming BSF DG, he also served in the BSF as chief of the Eastern Frontier, he played an instrumental role in bringing down cattle smuggling through West Bengal and Assam borders.
• Between 2015 and 2021, cattle smuggling on the Indo-Bangla border dropped by 87%. When he became DG of the BSF, he had to negotiate the contentious amendment to BSF jurisdiction which was increased to 50km from the border as many states opposed it.
• He has served in the Rajasthan Police as well as in the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), during which he cracked an infamous sex scandal that had rocked Jammu and Kashmir, besides being involved in solving several cases related to corruption.
• His idea to celebrate the Raising Day of the BSF in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, in 2021, appealed to the government so much that it has now directed all paramilitary forces and even the Army to celebrate their foundation and raising days out of Delhi.

Important takeaways for all competitive exams:

• 5th and current National Security Advisor (NSA): Ajit Kumar Doval;

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What are the secret study techniques that top students don't want you to know about?

 I remember my dad used to say, “there is no substitute for hard work”.

That statement would pass right over my 18 year old head and I’d be back with my friends partying or on the sports field. Anywhere that didn’t resemble a classroom or a desk…

Until one day I failed university and was faced with a cross road. Drop out, or hang in there and decide to “work hard”.

I chose the latter. Two years of “hard work” and I ended up graduating with top marks and a much brighter future.

A decade on, and those two years of hard work have had a large impact on where I am today.

I've since met dozens of top students from all over the world, and there is a common theme: They take their studying seriously and put in the effort.

There really are no secrets.

They spend time to learn the material, they ask questions and take notes in class, they go to office hours, they commit information to memory, they know the marking criteria, they do the practice tests, and they consistently improve themselves.

Of-course there’s some students that are highly intelligent that don’t need to work as hard.

But for the majority, there really is no substitute for hard work.

Could flat tyres become a thing of the past? What technology is replacing the inflated tyre?

 Nothing is replacing the pneumatic tire any time soon. Many things have been tried and rejected.

Solid tires are a common proposal.

They existed before pneumatic ones and get brought up every few years as some new thing. There are some differences in materials, but they are really more or less the same in every iteration. They are worse than pneumatic tires in every way, except getting flats, and they never make any serious inroads. Solid tires exist on garden equipment and the really cheap wheelchairs meant for in-hospital use, but wherever ride quality is important and any surface except a smooth hard floor is expected, pneumatic tire it is.

The other commonly proposed solution is various mechanical dampening systems. Springs, shocks, etc.

Some of them are very pretty.

They also all suck in comparison to the pneumatic tire. They are much heavier and have terrible handling.

There are also more modern things, like the Tweel. It’s sort of a combination of a solid tire and spring wheel.

They exist. You can buy them. But, like solid tires, they are limited to garden equipment. You can get them to fit a power mower, but not a car. They can’t handle high speeds, and in snow and mud they clog up and become the equivalent of the wheel from Fred Flintstone’s car.

The efforts to reinvent the wheel are not going very well. There is a reason that expression exists.

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All that said, flats, while not completely eradicated, have become a lot less common than even 20 years ago. You get an occasional nail or screw, but tires “just go flat” almost never. The tire compounds have improved, and the tires have become cheaper, so people can replace them more often.

Run-flat tires are also fairly common. They do lose air with a puncture, but don’t go completely flat. This is usually done with thicker sidewalls.

When the tire loses air, you can still drive, but with worse handling and lower speeds. Pretty much how you would with a solid tire.

What is the main purpose of using a dog muzzle in public places...?

Some countries require dogs to be muzzled in public. This Russian dog muzzle, made of non-toxic plastic and nylon, allows dogs to open their mouths and pant with the added benefit of making them look like a werewolf.

A dog muzzle is a device that is placed over a dog's snout to prevent it from biting or barking. In some countries, laws require dogs to be muzzled in public places for safety reasons. The Russian dog muzzle mentioned is made of plastic and nylon and is designed to be non-toxic and comfortable for the dog to wear. This type of muzzle allows the dog to open its mouth and pant, which is important for regulating its body temperature and preventing overheating.

The added benefit of making the dog look like a werewolf is a cosmetic feature that some pet owners may find amusing or appealing. However, the main purpose of the muzzle is to provide a safe and humane way to control dogs in public places. It is important to remember that muzzling a dog should not be used as a substitute for proper training and socialization, and that the welfare and comfort of the dog should always be a top priority.

What is the best method for height increase after 24 years old?

Dont listen to these fucking idiots. You give your best shot. I have heard people that got an inch taller even at 26. If u ask if u will grow after 24, they will say not after 23, if u ask will u grow after 20, they will say 18. You got nothing to lose. Go for it. Im not writing this just for you but also anyone young. Best method, eat nutritious, reduce body fat, high intensity workout, reduce stress, good posture, yoga, sleep well for 8 hours. Giving up is the worst thing u can do. I gave up but i still got 3 inches taller in my 20s, if i had tried, i would have got atleast 5 inches. U can listen to critics if its life or death, when u have nothing to lose, go for it.

How prostate cancer is diagnosed?

 Blood tests mostly now, measuring one’s PSA (prostate specific antigen) levels.

Most doctors in the West at least these days tend to eschew the old digital exam, which is good, because having had such I can confirm that it’s horrible.

How people can do this for fun is beyond me.

Interestingly, a raised PSA level will make a piss-on-stick pregnancy test show as positive.

What happens inside the mitochondria?

You can think of mitochondria as a eukaryotic cell's "power plants". They generate a supply of "usable energy" in the form of ATP. Mitochondria are important actors in aerobic respiration, which is a long process that ultimately results in the production of ATP.

Here are the basic steps of aerobic respiration [1]:

1. Food (ingested) + Air (inhaled)
   
2. Carbohydrate + Oxygen and Nitrogen
3. Glucose + Oxygen (final products of digestion and inhalation)
4. ATP (energy) + Carbon Dioxide (exhaled) + Water (exhaled and excreted)

Mitochondria take the stage at step 4 (aka cellular respiration), as they produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). For simplicity, I won't be talking about anaerobic respiration, and will be stick to eukaryotic animal cells.

ATP is the cell's energy carrier or energy store molecule:

See the three phosphorous groups connected by oxygens to each other? That's the triphosphate section of the molecule. Each of these oxygens has a negative charge, and thus repel each other.

These bunched up negative charges want to escape - to get away from each other, so there is a lot of potential energy here. If you remove just one of these phosphate groups from the end, so that there are just two phosphate groups, the molecule is much happier [2].

...which we can visualize as the following process:

This conversion from ATP to ADP is an extremely crucial reaction for the supplying of energy for life processes. Just the cutting of one bond with the accompanying rearrangement is sufficient to liberate about 7.3 kilocalories per mole = 30.6 kJ/mol. This is about the same as the energy in a single peanut.

Living things can use ATP like a battery. The ATP can power needed reactions by losing one of its phosphorous groups to form ADP, but you can use food energy in the mitochondria to convert the ADP back to ATP so that the energy is again available to do needed work [2].

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Now that we know our ADP from ATP, let's familiarize ourselves with the basic structure of a mitochondrion.

Click the image to enlarge.

Source: Wikimedia

The mitochondrial matrix (which "lies" upon the inner membrane) is lined with proteins involved in electron transport and ATP synthesis, such as the enzyme ATP synthase [3].

So how do we get from glucose to ATP?

1. Glycolysis: After food is digested, we have a fresh supply of glucose. Glucose metabolism in all cells produces two molecules of pyruvate from each molecule of glucose. This occurs outside the mitochondria, usually in the cytoplasm.
2. Cellular respiration: Occurs in different sub-compartments of the mitochondrion. Each pyruvate molecule is converted to three molecules of carbon dioxide, and the energy produced by this reaction is "trapped" in ATP (i.e. the energy is used to fuel the production of ATP).

There are three sub-pathways of cellular respiration:

1. Pyruvate oxidation.
2. Krebs cycle (also known as citric acid cycle, or tricarboxylic acid cycle) - occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria
3. Electron transport chain

If you're really curious about steps 1 and 2, watch this Khan Academy video for a beginner's guide to the Krebs cycle:

I'll discuss step 3, i.e. the electron transport chain [3]:

A) The "freed" high energy electrons produced by the Krebs cycle travel from one protein complex to the next in the mitochondria's inner membrane. This process is known as the electron transport chain. At the end of this electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is oxygen, and this ultimately forms water (H20).

B) Simultaneously, the electron transport chain produces ATP. As the chain passes the electrons along, the energy released causes hydrogen ions (or protons) to be pumped out of the mitochondria's matrix space. This creates an gradient which now drives hydrogen back in through the membrane again, via the ATP synthase. As this happens, the enzymatic activity of the ATP synthase causes the creation of ATP to ADP.

Whew. Here's a diagram of the electron transport chain, to summarize points A and B. Remember, we're still inside the mitochondrion (click the image to enlarge):

© 2010 Nature Education All rights reserved [3].

And that's a bare-bones primer to the magical world inside our mitochondria!

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I've kept this guide as user-friendly as possible, since that's what the question seems to be asking. As such, I didn't talk about anaerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells.

Let me know if you'd like more information, if you think I could simplify something, or if you'd like me to be more precise. I appreciate the feedback - thanks!

What happens inside Scientology?

It used to be in Scientology, you pay for courses, or counseling, and spend what time you can in the evenings and weekends doing those courses or receiving counseling to help you improve your life. Counselling, called Auditing (literally listening) is the biggest gain people report from Scientology. Its like sitting down with someone who will listen to you and fully understand you. The gains are on par to having a good conversation with someone who really understands you. Scientology has made a profession out of it. Auditor (one who listens). Only today, in Scientology, there isn't an emphasis on auditing people. Course rooms are nearly empty of anyone training to be auditors. Auditors and even the annual Auditors Day Celebration has downsized to a local organization event if it happens at all. When the Golden Age of Tech first came out, Auditors day was canceled that year. Smart because all auditors were about to lose their certs and be accused on never auditing properly from the beginning of auditing. They needed to pay for the new materials and train again before being allowed to audit. This happened again a couple years later. Imagine going to college to become an engineer, graduating, getting a job for a few decades. Then your college calls you up and says your training was incorrect. Your degree in engineering is invalid and you need to re-do your training with the new materials. Oh yeah, you need to pay for it again. That's what happened in Scientology to auditors in the last few years. It happened twice. Today, in Scientology, the focus is on new church buildings and fundraising for them. Then the focus becomes donating to the IAS so they can eradicate the heavily promoted evil profession of Psychiatry. None of them will go near a Psychiatrist or associate with anyone who knows one. They even claim that Psychiatrists are in other places in the galaxy and have been around trying to enslave man "for many lifetimes". So expect to be invited to fundraising events where you are guilted into forking over your cash for a new building to replace the old one. After you pay Scientology for a building you will never have any legal ownership over, or any real equity in, they will CONTINUE and ramp up the IAS (international association of Scientologists) fund raising to fight "the enemy" and encourage you to reach your next "Status". That's pretty much what happens in Scientology. It's a long con/money making scam that has accumulated over a billion in real estate assets and cash holdings as-of 2013. They are squeezing the last members as tight as they can for money and people are leaving it in droves.

What happens inside the operating room that surgeons don't tell you?

That it’s the nurse who runs the room. We are YOUR (the patient’s) advocate while you are asleep and unable to speak for yourself. We make sure everything is in the room that is required for your surgery (instruments & supplies), we make sure there are no hazards (a cord that could trip someone), we make sure there is nothing that will harm the patient, we watch the students, reps, whomever to make sure they don’t contaminate anything. AND we can tell the surgeon to stop at anytime if there is a concern of any kind that needs to be checked out. We make sure you are pisitioned properly so no injuries occur, and do the prepping of the surgical site with a solution. We are a TEAM in that room and I like to call them my FAMILY also. We trust each other and look out for each other. That being said, we also argue at times as do family members. That doesn’t nearly cover what a surgical nurse (called a circulator) does in the OR. Many think we just sit the entire time……. And quite honestly, I’m not sure most surgeons know what we do other than answer their phones and put on their favorite Pandora station. :-) (somewhat kidding)

But I love my job.

I think most people would be appalled by what happens in the OR simply because they have these sanitized tidy images of their loved ones being gently worked upon.

The reality of many procedures is they are gross, messy, violent affairs. e.g. Replacing a knee joint requires power sawing chunks of your bones away, then hammering in the replacement parts. Or watch a chest get sawed and cracked for heart surgery. Such things can seem rather brutal to the uninitiated!

Reminds me of the time my wife took our son with a broken wrist to the ER. She was standing there soothing our child, and the orthopedist explained he needed to reorient and align the broken bones before casting. “You can stay if you want, but you have to go over and sit in the corner.” She did, and he proceeded to tug & wrench on the wrist to get it in place. She said his advice to sit down was good, as watching this violent and unnatural (yet totally correct) procedure occur with our son was rather shocking.

Normal for medical professionals is shocking for the uninitiated.

Also, most people imagine the OR as a sacred temple where only YOU the patient have ever entered for your (hopefully) once in a lifetime event. No, its a place where the surgeon and everyone else comes to nearly every day, replacing hundreds of joints a year (for example). It is a job, it can be very routine, and people in the OR pass the time (often hours of time) doing their jobs in the OR just like any other work. They chat, tell jokes, talk about tv shows and their upcoming vacations, etc.

So I think it is hard for some patients to reconcile their hyper-charged emotional thinking about their very important surgery when confronted with the pedestrian reality that they are just another line on the ToDo list for people doing their daily normal job. Mind you, I’m not saying people just doing their jobs equals not caring or not compassionate. The best medical professionals are those who never lose sight of the fact that the things they know as routine are often spectacularly unique for the fragile complicated space of patients’ minds.